The vagina is a small yet powerful component of the reproductive system, and there is much to discover about it! We will explore the anatomy of the vagina, the functions of each part throughout our lives, and how to maintain vaginal health.The vagina is an internal female reproductive organ that links the uterus to the external vulva through the cervix [1]. While the term “vagina” is frequently used to refer to various parts of the reproductive system, it specifically denotes only one aspect of the overall reproductive anatomy. We will delve into this topic in greater detail later in the article.Each vagina shares a common anatomical structure, but variations in color, shape, size, discharge, and odor exist among individuals, and a person’s vagina may also undergo changes over their lifetime.Situated within your body, the vagina connects the uterus and cervix to the external environment. The vaginal opening can be observed between your legs using a handheld mirror. It is positioned below the urethra (the passage for urination) and above the anus.The visible external portion of the vagina is referred to as the vulva. This area serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and comprises several distinct parts, including [8]:The vagina itself is a funnel-shaped organ that links the vaginal opening to the uterus through the cervix [1]. The average length of a vagina ranges from 7 to 10 cm [3]. It is composed of muscular and elastic tissue, featuring ridged walls that form a tube-like structure. These walls aid in the secretion of vaginal fluids, contain nerve endings that contribute to sexual pleasure, and possess receptors for estrogen [3]. Estrogen plays a vital role in preserving a healthy vaginal lining and supporting the beneficial bacteria that help maintain a slightly acidic pH level in the vagina [9].Throughout the menstrual cycle, your vagina undergoes changes, particularly regarding its secretions. Vaginal discharge is present during the entire cycle, helping to maintain pH balance and lubrication. However, the quantity and type of discharge vary depending on the specific phase of the cycle.
Vagina: Anatomy, function, and what to look out for
